Zoonosis

An infectious disease that can be transmitted between animals and humans.

Quarantine

Restricts movement and contact of potentially infected individuals (i.e., those who have had contact with an infected person) with individuals who are not infected.

Reproduction Number

A measure of a pathogen’s transmissibility. Reproduction Number is the average number of secondary cases arising from a Primary case in an entirely susceptible population (called basic Reproduction Number, R0), or the average number of secondary cases arising from a Primary case in a population comprised of both susceptible and non-susceptible individuals (called effective Reproduction…

Reservoir

The habitat where a pathogen normally resides and reproduces. This may include hosts such as humans and animals, and the environment (e.g., bodies of water).

Stochastic eradication/stochastic elimination (epidemic fade-out)

When a disease becomes extinct at random (by chance) in a geographic location even if Reproduction Number (R or R0) is greater than 1. This can take place in a small population or when the disease of interest is rare. Stochastic eradication/elimination (epidemic fade-out) may be modeled in stochastic models, not deterministic models.

Susceptible

An uninfected individual/population without sufficient immunity against a pathogen to prevent infection and is at risk of developing the disease with sufficient exposure (e.g., a Close contact).